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夜色直播 with partners Princeton and NIST deliver seminal result in quantum error correction

July 1, 2025

, we鈥檝e just delivered a crucial result in Quantum Error Correction (QEC), demonstrating key principles of scalable quantum computing developed by Drs Peter Shor, Dorit Aharonov, and Michael Ben-Or. we showed that by using 鈥渃oncatenated codes鈥 noise can be exponentially suppressed 鈥 proving that quantum computing will scale.

When noise is low enough, the results are transformative

Quantum computing is already producing results, but high-profile applications like Shor鈥檚 algorithm鈥攚hich can break RSA encryption鈥攔equire error rates about a billion times lower than what today鈥檚 machines can achieve.

Achieving such low error rates is a holy grail of quantum computing. Peter Shor was the first to hypothesize a way forward, in the form of quantum error correction. Building on his results, Dorit Aharanov and Michael Ben-Or proved that by concatenating quantum error correcting codes, a sufficiently high-quality quantum computer can suppress error rates arbitrarily at the cost of a very modest increase in the required number of qubits. 聽Without that insight, building a truly fault-tolerant quantum computer would be impossible.

Their results, now widely referred to as the 鈥渢hreshold theorem鈥, laid the foundation for realizing fault-tolerant quantum computing. At the time, many doubted that the error rates required for large-scale quantum algorithms could ever be achieved in practice. The threshold theorem made clear that large scale quantum computing is a realistic possibility, giving birth to the robust quantum industry that exists today.

Realizing a legendary vision

Until now, nobody has realized the original vision for the threshold theorem. Last year, in a different context (without concatenated codes). This year, we are proud to report the first experimental realization of that seminal work鈥攄emonstrating fault-tolerant quantum computing using concatenated codes, just as they envisioned.

The benefits of concatenation

The team demonstrated that their family of protocols achieves high error thresholds鈥攎aking them easier to implement鈥攚hile requiring minimal ancilla qubits, meaning lower overall qubit overhead. Remarkably, their protocols are so efficient that fault-tolerant preparation of basis states requires zero ancilla overhead, making the process maximally efficient.

This approach to error correction has the potential to significantly reduce qubit requirements across multiple areas, from state preparation to the broader QEC infrastructure. Additionally, concatenated codes offer greater design flexibility, which makes them especially attractive. Taken together, these advantages suggest that concatenation could provide a faster and more practical path to fault-tolerant quantum computing than popular approaches like the .

We鈥檙e always looking forward

From a broader perspective, this achievement highlights the power of collaboration between industry, academia, and national laboratories. 夜色直播鈥檚 commercial quantum systems are so stable and reliable that our partners were able to carry out this groundbreaking research remotely鈥攐ver the cloud鈥攚ithout needing detailed knowledge of the hardware. While we very much look forward to welcoming them to our labs before long, its notable that they never need to step inside to harness the full capabilities of our machines.

As we make quantum computing more accessible, the rate of innovation will only increase. The era of plug-and-play quantum computing has arrived. Are you ready?

About 夜色直播

夜色直播,聽the world鈥檚 largest integrated quantum company, pioneers powerful quantum computers and advanced software solutions. 夜色直播鈥檚 technology drives breakthroughs in materials discovery, cybersecurity, and next-gen quantum AI. With over 500 employees, including 370+ scientists and engineers, 夜色直播 leads the quantum computing revolution across continents.聽

Blog
August 28, 2025
Quantum Computing Joins the Next Frontier in Genomics
  • The Sanger Institute illustrates the value of quantum computing to genomics research
  • 夜色直播 supports developments in a field that promises to deliver a profound and positive societal impact

Twenty-five years ago, scientists accomplished a task likened to a biological : the sequencing of the entire human genome.

The Human Genome Project revealed a complete human blueprint comprising around 3 billion base pairs, the chemical building blocks of DNA. It led to breakthrough medical treatments, scientific discoveries, and a new understanding of the biological functions of our body.

Thanks to technological advances in the quarter-century since, what took 13 years and cost $2.7 billion then in under 12 minutes for a few hundred dollars. Improved instruments such as next-generation sequencers and a better understanding of the human genome 鈥 including the availability of a 鈥渞eference genome鈥 鈥 have aided progress, alongside enormous advances in algorithms and computing power.

But even today, some genomic challenges remain so complex that they stretch beyond the capabilities of the most powerful classical computers operating in isolation. This has sparked a bold search for new computational paradigms, and in particular, quantum computing.

Quantum Challenge: Accepted

The is pioneering this new frontier. The program funds research to develop quantum algorithms that can overcome current computational bottlenecks. It aims to test the classical boundaries of computational genetics in the next 3-5 years.

One consortium 鈥 led by the University of Oxford and supported by prestigious partners including the Wellcome Sanger Institute, the Universities of Cambridge, Melbourne, and Kyiv Academic University 鈥 is taking a leading role.

鈥淭he overall goal of the team鈥檚 project is to perform a range of genomic processing tasks for the most complex and variable genomes and sequences 鈥 a task that can go beyond the capabilities of current classical computers鈥 鈥 Wellcome Sanger Institute , July 2025
Selecting 夜色直播

Earlier this year, the Sanger Institute selected 夜色直播 as a technology partner in their bid to succeed in the Q4Bio challenge.

Our flagship quantum computer, System H2, has for many years led the field of commercially available systems for qubit fidelity and consistently holds the global record for Quantum Volume, currently benchmarked at 8,388,608 (223).

In this collaboration, the scientific research team can take advantage of 夜色直播鈥檚 full stack approach to technology development, including hardware, software, and deep expertise in quantum algorithm development.

鈥淲e were honored to be selected by the Sanger Institute to partner in tackling some of the most complex challenges in genomics. By bringing the world鈥檚 highest performing quantum computers to this collaboration, we will help the team push the limits of genomics research with quantum algorithms and open new possibilities for health and medical science.鈥 鈥 Rajeeb Hazra, President and CEO of 夜色直播
Quantum for Biology

At the heart of this endeavor, the consortium has announced a bold central mission for the coming year: to encode and process an entire genome using a quantum computer. This achievement would be a potential world-first and provide evidence for quantum computing鈥檚 readiness for tackling real-world use cases.

Their chosen genome, the bacteriophage PhiX174, carries symbolic weight, as its sequencing his second Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1980. Successfully encoding this genome quantum mechanically would represent a significant milestone for both genomics and quantum computing.

Bacteriophage PhiX174, published under a Creative Commons License https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Phi_X_174.png

Sooner than many expect, quantum computing may play an essential role in tackling genomic challenges at the very frontier of human health. The Sanger Institute and 夜色直播鈥檚 partnership reminds us that we may soon reach an important step forward in human health research 鈥 one that could change medicine and computational biology as dramatically as the original Human Genome Project did a quarter-century ago.

鈥淨uantum computational biology has long inspired us at 夜色直播, as it has the potential to transform global health and empower people everywhere to lead longer, healthier, and more dignified lives.鈥 鈥 Ilyas Khan, Founder and Chief Product Officer of 夜色直播

Glossary of terms: Understanding how quantum computing supports complex genomic research


Term Definition
Algorithms
A set of rules or processes for performing calculations or solving computational problems.
Classical Computing Computing technology based on binary information storage (bits represented as 0 or 1).
DNA Sequence The exact order of nucleotides (A, T, C, G) within a DNA molecule.
Genome The complete set of genetic material (DNA) present in an organism.
Graph-based Genome (Sequence Graph) A non-linear network representation of genomic sequences capturing the diversity and relationships among multiple genomes.
High Performance Compute (HPC) Advanced classical computing systems designed for handling computationally intensive tasks, simulations, and data processing.
Pangenome A collection of multiple genome sequences representing genetic diversity within a population or species.
Precision Medicine Tailored medical treatments based on individual genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors.
夜色直播 The world鈥檚 largest quantum computing company, 夜色直播 systems lead the world for the rigorous Quantum Volume benchmark and were the first to offer commercial access to highly reliable 鈥淟evel 2 鈥 resilient鈥 quantum computing.
Quantum Bit (Qubit) Basic unit of quantum information, which unlike classical bits, can exist in multiple states simultaneously (superposition).
Quantum Computing Computing approach using quantum-mechanical phenomena (e.g., superposition, entanglement, interference) for enhanced problem-solving capabilities.
Quantum Pangenomics Interdisciplinary field combining quantum computing with genomics to address computational challenges in analyzing genetic data and pangenomes.
Quantum Volume A specific test of a quantum computer鈥檚 performance on complex circuits. The higher the quantum volume the more powerful the system. 夜色直播鈥檚 56-qubit System Model H2 achieved a record quantum volume of 8,388,608 in May 2025.
Quantum Superposition A fundamental quantum phenomenon in which particles can simultaneously exist in multiple states, enabling complex computational tasks.
Sequence Mapping Determining how sequences align or correspond within a larger genomic reference or graph.
Wellcome Leap Quantum for Bio (Q4Bio) Initiative funding research combining quantum computing and biological sciences to address computational challenges.
Wellcome Sanger Institute The Sanger Institute tackles some of the most difficult challenges in genomic research.
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Blog
August 26, 2025
IEEE Quantum Week 2025

Every year, The IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering 鈥 or 鈥 brings together engineers, scientists, researchers, students, and others to learn about advancements in quantum computing.

This year鈥檚 conference from August 31st 鈥 September 5th, is being held in Albuquerque, New Mexico, a burgeoning epicenter for quantum technology innovation and the home to our new location that will support ongoing collaborative efforts to advance the photonics technologies critical to furthering our product development.

Throughout IEEE Quantum Week, our quantum experts will be on-site to share insights on upgrades to our hardware, enhancements to our software stack, our path to error correction, and more.

Meet our team at Booth #507 and join the below sessions to discover how 夜色直播 is forging the path to fault-tolerant quantum computing with our integrated full-stack.

September 2nd


Quantum Software 2.1: Open Problems, New Ideas, and Paths to Scale
1:15 鈥 2:10pm MDT | Mesilla

We recently shared the details of our new software stack for our next-generation systems, including Helios (launching in 2025). 夜色直播鈥檚 Agust铆n Borgna will deliver a lighting talk to introduce Guppy, our new, open-source programming language based on Python, one of the most popular general-use programming languages for classical computing.

September 3rd

PAN08: Progress and Platforms in the Era of Reliable Quantum Computing
1:00 鈥 2:30pm MDT | Apache

We are entering the era of reliable quantum computing. Across the industry, quantum hardware and software innovators are enabling this transformation by creating reliable logical qubits and building integrated technology stacks that span the application layer, middleware and hardware. Attendees will hear about current and near-term developments from Microsoft, 夜色直播 and Atom Computing. They will also gain insights into challenges and potential solutions from across the ecosystem, learn about Microsoft鈥檚 qubit-virtualization system, and get a peek into future developments from 夜色直播 and Microsoft.

BOF03: Exploring Distributed Quantum Simulators on Exa-scale HPC Systems
3:00 鈥 4:30pm MDT | Apache

The core agenda of the session is dedicated to addressing key technical and collaborative challenges in this rapidly evolving field. Discussions will concentrate on innovative algorithm design tailored for HPC environments, the development of sophisticated hybrid frameworks that seamlessly combine classical and quantum computational resources, and the crucial task of establishing robust performance benchmarks on large-scale CPU/GPU HPC infrastructures.

September 4th

PAN11: Real-time Quantum Error Correction: Achievements and Challenges
1:00 鈥 2:30pm MDT | La Cienega

This panel will explore the current state of real-time quantum error correction, identifying key challenges and opportunities as we move toward large-scale, fault-tolerant systems. Real-time decoding is a multi-layered challenge involving algorithms, software, compilation, and computational hardware that must work in tandem to meet the speed, accuracy, and scalability demands of FTQC. We will examine how these challenges manifest for multi-logical qubit operations, and discuss steps needed to extend the decoding infrastructure from intermediate-scale systems to full-scale quantum processors.

September 5th

Keynote by NVIDIA
8:00 鈥 9:30am MDT | Kiva Auditorium

During his keynote talk, NVIDIA鈥檚 Head of Quantum Computing Product, Sam Stanwyck, will detail our partnership to fast-track commercially scalable quantum supercomputers. Discover how 夜色直播 and NVIDIA are pushing the boundaries to deliver on the power of hybrid quantum and classical compute 鈥 from integrating NVIDIA鈥檚 CUDA-Q Platform with access to 夜色直播鈥檚 industry-leading hardware to the recently announced NVIDIA Quantum Research Center (NVAQC).

Featured Research at the IEEE Poster Session:

Visible Photonic Component Development for Trapped-Ion Quantum Computing
September 2nd from 6:30 - 8:00pm MDT | September 3rd from 9:30 - 10:00am MDT |聽September 4th from 11:30 - 12:30pm MDT
Authors: Elliot Lehman, Molly Krogstad, Molly P. Andersen, Sara Cambell, Kirk Cook, Bryan DeBono, Christopher Ertsgaard, Azure Hansen, Duc Nguyen, Adam聽Ollanik, Daniel Ouellette, Michael Plascak, Justin T. Schultz, Johanna Zultak, Nicholas Boynton, Christopher DeRose,Michael Gehl, and Nicholas Karl

Scaling Up Trapped-Ion Quantum Processors with Integrated Photonics
September 2nd from 6:30 - 8:00pm MDT and 2:30 - 3:00pm MDT |聽September 4th from 9:30 - 10:00am MDT

Authors: Molly Andersen, Bryan DeBono, Sara Campbell, Kirk Cook, David Gaudiosi, Christopher Ertsgaard, Azure Hansen, Todd Klein, Molly Krogstad, Elliot Lehman, Gregory MacCabe, Duc Nguyen, Nhung Nguyen, Adam Ollanik, Daniel Ouellette, Brendan Paver, Michael Plascak, Justin Schultz and Johanna Zultak

Research Collaborations with the Local Ecosystem

In a partnership that is part of a long-standing relationship with Los Alamos National Laboratory, we have been working on new methods to make quantum computing operations more efficient, and ultimately, scalable.

Learn more in our Research Paper:

Our teams collaborated with Sandia National Laboratories demonstrating our leadership in benchmarking. In this paper, we implemented a technique devised by researchers at Sandia to measure errors in mid-circuit measurement and reset. Understanding these errors helps us to reduce them while helping our customers understand what to expect while using our hardware.

Learn more in our Research Paper:

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Blog
August 25, 2025
We鈥檙e not just catching up to classical computing, we鈥檙e evolving from it

From machine learning to quantum physics, tensor networks have been quietly powering the breakthroughs that will reshape our society. Originally developed by the legendary Nobel laureate Roger Penrose, they were first used to tackle esoteric problems in physics that were previously unsolvable.

Today, tensor networks have become indispensable in a huge number of fields, including both classical and quantum computing, where they are used everywhere from quantum error correction (QEC) decoding to quantum machine learning.

In , we teamed up with luminaries from the University of British Columbia, California Institute of Technology, University of Jyv盲skyl盲, KBR Inc, NASA, Google Quantum AI, NVIDIA, JPMorgan Chase, the University of Sherbrooke, and Terra Quantum AG to provide a comprehensive overview of the use of tensor networks in quantum computing.

Standing on the shoulders of giants

Part of what drives our leadership in quantum computing is our commitment to building the best scientific team in the world. This is precisely why we hired Dr. Reza Haghshenas, one of the world鈥檚 leading experts in tensor networks, and a co-author on the paper.

Dr. Haghshenas has been researching tensor networks for over a decade across both academia and industry. Dr. Haghshenas did postdoctoral work under , a leading figure in the use of tensor networks for quantum physics and chemistry.

鈥淲orking with Dr. Garnet Chan at Caltech was a formative experience for me鈥, remarked Dr. Haghshenas. 鈥淲hile there, I contributed to the development of quantum simulation algorithms and advanced classical methods like tensor networks to help interpret and simulate many-body physics.鈥

Since joining 夜色直播, Dr. Haghshenas has led projects that bring tensor network methods into direct collaboration with experimental hardware teams 鈥 exploring quantum magnetism on real quantum devices and helping demonstrate early signs of quantum advantage. He also contributes to , helping the broader research community access these methods.

Dr. Haghshenas鈥 work sits in a broad and vibrant ecosystem exploring novel uses of tensor networks. Collaborations with researchers like Dr. Chan at Caltech, and NVIDIA have brought GPU-accelerated tools to bear on the forefront of applying tensor networks to quantum chemistry, quantum physics, and quantum computing.

A powerful simulation tool

Of particular interest to those of us in quantum computing, the best methods (that we know of) for simulating quantum computers with classical computers rely on tensor networks. Tensor networks provide a nice way of representing the entanglement in a quantum algorithm and how it spreads, which is crucial but generally quite difficult for classical algorithms. In fact, it鈥檚 partly tensor networks鈥 ability to represent entanglement that makes them so powerful for quantum simulation. Importantly, it is our in-house expertise with tensor networks that makes us confident we are indeed moving past classical capabilities.

A theory of evolution

Tensor networks are not only crucial to cutting-edge simulation techniques. 聽At 夜色直播, we're working on understanding and implementing quantum versions of classical tensor network algorithms, from quantum matrix product states to holographic simulation methods. In doing this, we are leveraging decades of classical algorithm development to advance quantum computing.

A topic of growing interest is the role of tensor networks in QEC, particularly in a process known as decoding. QEC works by encoding information into an entangled state of multiple qubits and using syndrome measurements to detect errors. These measurements must then be decoded to identify the specific error and determine the appropriate correction. This decoding step is challenging鈥攊t must be both fast (within the qubit鈥檚 coherence time) and accurate (correctly identifying and fixing errors). Tensor networks are emerging as one of the most for tackling this task.

Looking forward (and backwards, and sideways...)

Tensor networks are more than just a powerful computational tool 鈥 they are a bridge between classical and quantum thinking. As this new paper shows, the community鈥檚 understanding of tensor networks has matured into a robust foundation for advancing quantum computing, touching everything from simulation and machine learning to error correction and circuit design.

At 夜色直播, we see this as an evolutionary step, not just in theory, but in practice. By collaborating with top minds across academia and industry, we're charting a path forward that builds on decades of classical progress while embracing the full potential of quantum mechanics. This transition is not only conceptual but algorithmic, advancing how we formulate and implement methods utilizing efficiently both classical and quantum computing. Tensor networks aren鈥檛 just helping us keep pace with classical computing; they鈥檙e helping us to transcend it.

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